Apparatus for heating by gas



' v 3 S heets-S'heet I. W. F. SHAW.

Gas S tbve. No. 14,325. Patented Feb. 26, 1856.

3 Sheets Sheet 2.

W. F. SH AW.

Gas Stove.

Patnted Feb. 26, 1856.

vlllurlfflllllllil mun "Ir N PETERS Phnioblhognpher, Washingkm D,C.

W F. SHAW. '3- Sheets-Sheet 3.

Gas Stove.

No. 14,325. Patented Feb. 26, 1856;

N. PETERS, Pmmulho n har, Wamingmn. D.C.

NITED STATES PATENT 1 oFFIoE.

'WM. F. SHAW, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

APPARATUS FOR HEATING BY GAS.

Specification formingpart of Letters Patent No. 14,325, dated February 26, 1856; Reissued October ence being had to the annexed drawings,

making part of this specification, in which,-

Figure l is a front elevation; Fig. a. longitudinal and vertlcal section, and F 1g. 8

a horizontal section of the said apparatus, the section last mentioned being taken through the oven. Fig. 4 is. a horizontal section of it and is taken through the chamber containing the burners or disseminators to be hereinafter described.

It is well known that when a mixture of air and gas, or gas from a jet, is burning in air, a current is created by which the heat generated is rapidly removed from the point where it is produced, and becomes difiused through the metal or other matter over the surfaces of which it may pass. Heat thus diffused loses the higher temperature of its source, and is not so efficient in heating air as it is when in a more concentrated state. It is one object of my arrangement to prevent dispersion of this kind and to control the accumulation at one or more points where I wish to use it.

Hitherto the combustion of gas mixed with air or issuingv from jets has not been perfectly effected, some of the gas escaping unburned, or producing, by combination with oxygen, at too low a temperature, aldehyde and formic acid,withthe odor of'the vapor called campic acid. For the purpose of heating in such cases there is a loss of heat only; but when it is desirable to use the hot products of combustion for cooking meats and other food, the odorous products often become absorbed by the cooking food and offensive taste is, given them, such rendering it necessary to apply the heat to them through metal or other media,

My experiments have shown that the most ordinary illuminating gas may be burned in mixture with air, and from disseminators made to impart their heat almost entirely in a given space, where it can be retained by means of non-conductors, or it may be diffused and carried in a current from such space to other points and for the performance of either cooking or heating operations or both.

The means by which I effect the above requisltes giving a degree of universality of application to my invention, will be seen by inspection of the points lettered, in which 'A, A, A, A, (see Figs. 2 and at) represent four disseminators from which the gas is burned in a space orchamber A, surroundi ing them after it has passed into them from the mam or a p pe. Above these disseminators or burners is placed a movable on rotary pierced disk B, (see Fig. 5, which is a top view of it) over each of the openings a, 0;, a, a, in which is arranged one of four vertical flue holes, 0, c, c, 0, which receive the heated volatile products of combustion and permit the same to flow upward through them. These flue tubes are fixed near their lower ends in another or stationary parti- .tion D, which supports them firmly in position. The pierced disk B, may be so connected with the door of an opening E, leading through the side of the chamber A, that more than another flue tube, but to cause TY the gas in 'all'the disseminators to be lighted by the introduction of flame to any one ofthe disseminators or into the chamber A, the disseminators being lighted by explosion of the gas within the chamber A. On clos- 1 ing the opening into the chamber A, the

lower end of the tubes C, C, C, 0, should be uncovered. V g 7 Each disseminator is formed in part of a fine wire gauze cap or netting 7), arranged in the upper end of an air tube a, elevated on and above the bottom 03, of the chamber A, and open at its lower end to receive air and one of a series of conduit pipes e, e, e, e, for the transmission of mflammable gas into it (the sald tube 6,) the gas being mixed with the air and the mixture burned ontho wire gauze cap 7).

The part 6 instead of being a flat disk may be formed with one or more convexities or nipple shaped elevations as seen at f, f, in Figs. 2 and 4, such serving as I have found by experience to greatly improve the combustion of the gas.

Each disseminator is surrounded by a wire gauze chimney g, or a tube made with .an open top, a closed bottom, and with its sides perforated with many minute orifices and extended above the top of the disseminator and so as to surround the flame of its. effluent gas, when such gas 1s lnflamed.

With such a device not only are the waste carbonaceous and gaseous matters which produce a disagreeable smell and escape laterally from the flame returned by 'influent currents of air and commingled and consumed, but the disseminator or burner is so exposed as to be capable of being inflamed from above it by flame passed into .or through its open-top.

A tube F, having a sectional area of bore .equal to those of all the tubes of the disseminators is open at both ends and ar recession through the disseminators, the

combustion is languid and a due mixture of air with the gas does not take place in the chamber B, around the flue tubes. Near the top of the flue tubes and extending across the chamber B is a ratin wire auze or pierced diaphragm or partition Gr through which the flue tubes pass, their ends being a short distance above it.

All the internal structure thus described, is surrounded by a cylindrical or other form of case in one or more pieces as seen at H, I, the lower part or piece I-I, being of pierced metal, or its mechanical equivalent while the upper portion slips easily over, and ineludes the disk and tubes, and rises about.

half its diameter above them. The pierced part of the case rests on the top of a square hollow base X, in which are the gas pipes leading the gas to the disseminators; while the front of the square base being open the air for combustion freely enters into the base and passes up the tubes of the disseminators.

Covers or domes of different forms are used for closing the cylindrical case above, in order to adapt the furnace either to heating the surrounding air or to cooking. Thus a dome or plain cover S, having its eduction pipe P, passing down through the grating near to the pipe F-is used when the furnace is to serve as a heater, the waste gases being led' off by a funnel; but when it 1s to serve for cooking, this cover is replaced by another (T, see Fig. 6), having the ordinary openings for receiving boilers or vessels; An oven U, is also attached to the case and heated by the products of combustion led into it through one or more openings h, on each side of the case I. The

vapors and spent gases may be suflered to escape through one or more holes formed through the bottom of the oven and be conpliucted off by a pipe leading to a discharge It will be obvious that the outer case when in position covers space divided into three parts or chambers, and that the greatest part of the heat produced is accumulated in the upper of these chambers. Following the course of the heated air it will be seen that it cannot escape from the upper chamber, without descending through the grating or gauze therein, and thus giving out its heat. This important part of my invention is rendered more economical by covering the grating with a layer (one or more inches in thickness) of coarsely powdered pumice stone or balls of others non-conducting material through which the gas must pass, thereby heating the upper surface of such and causing it to radiate powerfully while the heat of the gas is as it were strained out. If either the interior or exterior of the case be provided with a non conducting lining which may be movable, very little heat will be lost by the sides, while the vessels used in cooking are exposed to both radiant and conducted heat. Every trace of gas is thus burned in mixture with the air from the tube F, by being brought in contact with the heated surfaces. Pure carbonic acid and heated vapor entering the oven are admirably fitted for baking or roasting. When the operations of the cooking are to be continued many successive hours, or where economy of gas is of prime importance I place on the grating of the upper or reverberating chamber, a proper wire basket or case containing refuse coke in bits the size of filberts which becoming ignited will be slowly consumed adding its heat to that produced by the burning gas.

The facility with which I can retain in or lead off the heat from this chamber induces me to call the arrangement or device a Universal gas furnace.

Having thus described my improved apparatus for heat-ing by gas, what I claim therein is-- 1. The combination and arrangement, substantially as described, of air and gas burners or distributers, chambers A-, and B,and In testimony whereof I have hereunto their flue and air supply conductors F, C, C, set my signature this third day of August the Whole being made to operate together A. D. 1855.

essentially as specified. WM. F. SHAW.

2. I also claim in combination with the Witnesses:

gas burner, the open top and closed bottom R. H. EDDY,

Wire gauze tube Gr, operating as specified. F. P. HALE, J r.

[FIRST PRINTED 1912.] 

